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Italian Past Perfect Tense
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In English the past perfect tense (trapassato prossimo) is formed with the auxiliary "had" + the past participle of the main verb. In Italian, the trapassato prossimo, a compound tense, is formed with the imperfetto of the auxiliary verb avere or essere and the past participle of the acting verb.

CONJUGATING VERBS IN THE PAST PERFECT WITH AVERE
PRONOUNPARLARECREDEREFINIRE
ioavevo parlatoavevo credutoavevo finito
tuavevi parlatoavevi credutoavevi finito
lui/lei/Leiaveva parlatoaveva credutoaveva finito
noiavevamo parlatoavevamo credutoavevamo finito
voiavevate parlatoavevate credutoavevate finito
loro/Loroavevano parlatoavevano credutoavevano finito

CONJUGATING VERBS IN THE PAST PERFECT WITH ESSERE
PRONOUNANDARECADEREUSCIRE
ioero andato(-a)ero caduto(-a)ero uscito(-a)
tueri andato(-a)eri caduto(-a)eri uscito(-a)
lui/lei/Leiera andato(-a)era caduto(-a)era uscito(-a)
noieravamo andati(-e)eravamo caduti(-e)eravamo usciti(-e)
voieravate andati(-e)eravate caduti(-e)eravate usciti(-e)
loro/Loroerano andati(-e)erano caduti(-e)erano usciti(-e)

The students were tired because they had studied until late. He didn't go to the theater because he had already seen the film. The past perfect tense (trapassato prossimo) is used when two actions happened at different times in the past.

Here are a few examples of the trapassato prossimo:

Già erano partiti quando sono arrivato. (They had already left when I arrived.)
Avevo chiuso le finestre quando è cominciato a piovere. (I had shut the windows when it started to rain.)
La macchina sbandava perché aveva piovuto. (The car was sliding because it had rained.)


Italian Language Study Resources
Language Lessons: Italian grammar, spelling, and usage.
Audio Phrasebook: Improve your pronunciation and build your vocabulary.
Workbook Exercises: Worksheets, drills, activities, and review.
Buon Divertimento: Italian jokes, riddles, and puns.
Italian Verbs: Formation, moods, tenses, and table of conjugations.
Study Guides: Challenge your skills and test your knowledge of various topics.
Audio Lab: Word of the day, survival phrases, ABC's, numbers, and conversation.

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